When the parity bit matches the data, the UART knows that the transmission was free of errors. If the parity bit is a 1 (odd parity), the 1 bits in the data frame should total an odd number. If the parity bit is a 0 (even parity), the 1 bits in the data frame should total an even number. The parity bit is a way for the receiving UART to tell if any data has changed during transmission. Parity describes the evenness or oddness of a number. If the parity bit is not used when the data frame length could be 9-bit long. The data frame length could be between 5 & 8. The data bits include the real data being conveyed from the sender to the receiver. Start-bit is also known as a synchronization bit that is placed before the actual data. For example, the Arduino Uno is based on ATmega328/P has just a single UART, while the Arduino Mega built on an ATmega2560 has four UARTs.įigure 1: UAR/ Serial Communication Start Bit The main reason for integrating the UART hardware into microcontrollers is that it is a serial communication and requires only two wires for communication. The hardware for UART can be a circuit integrated on the microcontroller or a dedicated IC, Almost all microcontrollers have dedicated UART hardware built into their architecture. Essentially, the UART acts as an intermediary between parallel and serial interfaces. It is a block of circuitry responsible for implementing serial communication. “UART” stands for Universal Asynchronous receiver-transmitter. Code For Arduino UART using Registers Atmega328/P.Arduino UART without Arduino Library/Register level code.
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